000			02013nam a22001817a 4500
005			20260605120530.0
008			260605b |||||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
020			_a9788178244600
082			_a323.60 JAY
100			_aJayal, Niraja Gopal.
245			_aCitizenship and Its Discontents _b: An Indian History _c/ Niraja Gopal Jayal
260			_aRanikhet, India _b: Permanent Black _c, 2015.
300			_aviii, 366 p. _c; 24 cm.
520			_aBreaking new ground in scholarship, Niraja Jayal writes the first history of citizenship in the largest democracy in the world—India. Unlike the mature democracies of the west, India began as a true republic of equals with a complex architecture of citizenship rights that was sensitive to the many hierarchies of Indian society. In this provocative biography of the defining aspiration of modern India, Jayal shows how the progressive civic ideals embodied in the constitution have been challenged by exclusions based on social and economic inequality, and sometimes also, paradoxically, undermined by its own policies of inclusion. Citizenship and Its Discontents explores a century of contestations over citizenship from the colonial period to the present, analyzing evolving conceptions of citizenship as legal status, as rights, and as identity. The early optimism that a new India could be fashioned out of an unequal and diverse society led to a formally inclusive legal membership, an impulse to social and economic rights, and group-differentiated citizenship. Today, these policies to create a civic community of equals are losing support in a climate of social intolerance and weak solidarity. Once seen by Western political scientists as an anomaly, India today is a site where every major theoretical debate about citizenship is being enacted in practice, and one that no global discussion of the subject can afford to ignore.
650			_aCitizenship and civil rights in India
655			_aIndia -- Politics and government.
942			_cVC OFFICE
999			_c68880 _d68880