Demography and Population Problems is a comprehensive textbook that introduces the principles and applications of demography with particular reference to India. Rajendra K. Sharma explains the concepts, scope, and importance of population studies while examining demographic theories, methods of collecting population data, and techniques used to analyze demographic change. The book is written primarily for undergraduate and postgraduate students of sociology, population studies, and social sciences. The text discusses major demographic components such as population growth, age and sex composition, fertility, mortality, migration, labour force, urbanization, and unemployment. It provides detailed analysis of Indian population characteristics using census statistics and official demographic data. Special attention is given to population dynamics, family planning programmes, family welfare initiatives, and national population policies, highlighting their impact on India's socio-economic development. Combining theoretical explanations with statistical illustrations, examples, and chapter-end exercises, the book serves as both a classroom textbook and a reference work. It helps readers understand demographic trends and their relationship with economic development, social change, public health, employment, and planning, making it valuable for students, teachers, researchers, and candidates preparing for competitive examinations.